Photovoltaic Solar Energy Generation

xuandihou

Photovoltaic Solar Energy Generation

Contents
1 What Is Photovoltaics? ................................... 1
1.1 What IsPhotovoltaics? ................................ 1
1.2 ShortHistoryofPhotovoltaics .......................... 2
1.2.1 Technology .................................... 2
1.2.2 Applications................................... 5
1.3 RelevanceofPV,NowandintheFuture ................. 6
1.4 Markets,Economics ................................... 8
2 Physics of Solar Cells ..................................... 11
2.1 BasicMechanismsofEnergyConversion.................. 11
2.2 The Silicon Solar Cell .................................. 18
3 Silicon Solar Cell Material and Technology ............... 23
3.1 Silicon Material ....................................... 23
3.2 Monocrystalline and Multicrystalline Silicon .............. 23
3.2.1 Technology of Czochralski
and Float Zone Silicon .......................... 23
3.2.2 The Silicon Supply Problem ..................... 27
3.3 Ribbon Silicon ........................................ 28
3.3.1 Principle ...................................... 28
3.3.2 The Main Approaches
in Ribbon Silicon Production .................... 28
3.4 Silicon Cell Technology ................................. 30
3.4.1 Production of pn and pp Junctions.............. 30
3.4.2 Oxidation Process .............................. 31
3.4.3 ElectricalContacts ............................. 31
3.4.4 Antire?ectionTechnologies ...................... 31
3.4.5 StatusToday .................................. 32
3.5 AdvancedSi-SolarCells ................................ 33
3.5.1 HighE?ciencyCells............................ 33
3.5.2 BifacialSolarCells ............................. 35
3.5.3 BuriedContactCells ........................... 35
3.5.4 Interdigitated Back Contact Cells ................ 36
3.5.5 OECOCell.................................... 37
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